General Motors

Ultium · LFP · LMR · Super Cruise

General Motors is the second-largest EV seller in the US, with a battery network built with LG Energy Solution and a lineup spanning the Chevrolet Bolt to the Escalade IQ. It is now cutting EV capacity and switching chemistries to make each vehicle pay.

Three tiers of GM's EV supply chain. Materials: cathode at Becancour, Quebec (POSCO Future M joint venture), lithium from Thacker Pass, Nevada (GM stake), and magnets from MP Materials in Fort Worth, Texas. Cells: Ultium Cells in Warren, Ohio, and Spring Hill, Tennessee (LFP next), a Samsung SDI joint venture in New Carlisle, Indiana, and the Lansing, Michigan plant sold to LG Energy Solution. Vehicle assembly: Factory Zero (pickups and Escalade IQ), Spring Hill (Lyriq, Vistiq), Ramos Arizpe, Mexico (Equinox EV, Blazer EV) and Fairfax, Kansas (Bolt). Chemistry roadmap: NCMA pouch cells in Ultium since 2021, LFP prismatic for the Bolt from 2026 and Spring Hill, and LMR prismatic for trucks from 2028. MATERIALS Becancour, QC cathode, POSCO JV Thacker Pass, NV lithium, GM stake Fort Worth, TX magnets, MP Materials CELLS Warren, OH Ultium Cells Spring Hill, TN Ultium; LFP next New Carlisle IN, Samsung SDI Lansing, MI sold to LGES VEHICLE ASSEMBLY Factory Zero pickups, Escalade Spring Hill Lyriq, Vistiq Ramos Arizpe Equinox EV, Blazer Fairfax, KS Bolt CELL CHEMISTRY ROADMAP NCMA pouch LFP prismatic LMR prismatic Ultium, since 2021Bolt, 2026; Spring Hilltrucks, from 2028
HQ
Detroit, Michigan, US
US EV rank, 2025
Second
Cell partner
LG Energy Solution
Hub
OEMs

Finding

GM sold more EVs in the US in 2025 than any automaker except Tesla, then took billions in charges to shrink EV capacity after federal tax credits ended

Chevrolet's Equinox EV is the best-selling non-Tesla EV in the US. GM ended BrightDrop van production in Ontario, moved Orion Assembly in Michigan to gas trucks, sold its Lansing cell plant to LG Energy Solution, and is converting cell lines from NCMA to cheaper LFP.

GM's EVs share one modular platform, formerly branded Ultium, with large-format pouch cells made by Ultium Cells, its joint venture with LG Energy Solution, in Warren, Ohio, and Spring Hill, Tennessee. The new Chevrolet Bolt, built at Fairfax, Kansas, is GM's first LFP vehicle, and Spring Hill is being converted to LFP. GM and LG Energy Solution plan lithium manganese-rich (LMR) prismatic cells for full-size trucks from 2028, aiming for nickel-cell range at lower cost.

Upstream, GM has invested in North American materials: cathode from the POSCO Future M joint venture in Becancour, Quebec, lithium from Lithium Americas' Thacker Pass project, and rare earth magnets from MP Materials in Fort Worth, Texas. In China, GM sells EVs through SAIC-GM and SAIC-GM-Wuling.

Plants

Plants and factories

GM EV plants
PlantLocationProductsStatus
Factory ZeroDetroit-Hamtramck, MichiganGMC Hummer EV, Chevrolet Silverado EV, GMC Sierra EV, Cadillac Escalade IQOperating at reduced output
Spring Hill ManufacturingSpring Hill, TennesseeCadillac Lyriq, VistiqOperating
Ramos Arizpe AssemblyRamos Arizpe, MexicoChevrolet Equinox EV, Blazer EV; Cadillac Optiq; Honda PrologueOperating
Fairfax AssemblyKansas City, KansasChevrolet BoltOperating since early 2026
Global Technical CenterWarren, MichiganCadillac Celestiq (hand-built)Operating
Orion AssemblyOrion Township, MichiganPlanned EV trucks, now gas trucksMoved away from EVs
CAMI AssemblyIngersoll, Ontario, CanadaBrightDrop electric vansProduction ended October 2025
SAIC-GM and SAIC-GM-WulingChinaBuick, Cadillac and Wuling EVsOperating, joint ventures

Battery

Battery cells and lines

See the LG Energy Solution Battery Platform Index, lithium refining and magnet manufacturing.

GM cells and assets
Cell or assetChemistry and formatSourceUse
Ultium Cells WarrenNCMA, large-format pouchGM and LG Energy Solution, Warren, OhioTrucks, SUVs, Cadillacs
Ultium Cells Spring HillNCMA pouch; converting to LFPGM and LG Energy Solution, Spring Hill, TennesseeCurrent lineup; LFP later
Samsung SDI joint ventureNickel-rich prismaticGM and Samsung SDI, New Carlisle, IndianaUnder construction
Lansing cell plantBuilt by Ultium CellsSold to LG Energy Solution in 2025No longer GM
LFP for BoltLFP prismaticImported cells until US LFP lines startChevrolet Bolt
LMR prismaticLithium manganese-richGM and LG Energy SolutionFull-size trucks from 2028

Platforms

Vehicle platforms

Platform details are on GM EV Platforms.

GM platforms
PlatformVehiclesKey traits
BEV3Bolt, Equinox EV, Blazer EV, Lyriq, Optiq, VistiqFront- or rear-drive crossovers, 400 V
BT1 electric (BET)Silverado EV, Sierra EV, Hummer EV, Escalade IQBody-on-frame trucks and SUVs, 800 V charging
CelestiqCadillac CelestiqHand-built, low-volume flagship

Models

EV models

BrightDrop vans have ended and are not listed.

GM EV models
ModelSegmentPlatform
Chevrolet BoltCompact crossoverBEV3
Chevrolet Equinox EVCompact SUVBEV3
Chevrolet Blazer EVMidsize SUVBEV3
Chevrolet Silverado EVFull-size pickupBT1 electric
GMC Sierra EVFull-size pickupBT1 electric
GMC Hummer EVPickup and SUVBT1 electric
Cadillac OptiqCompact SUVBEV3
Cadillac LyriqMidsize SUVBEV3
Cadillac VistiqThree-row SUVBEV3
Cadillac Escalade IQFull-size SUVBT1 electric
Cadillac CelestiqUltra-luxury sedanCelestiq
Model list will be fed from the EV models dataset

Beyond cars

Robots, autonomy and energy

GM programs beyond cars
ProgramWhat it isStatus
Super CruiseHands-free Level 2 on mapped roads; see autonomy levelsOn most GM EVs; eyes-off driving targeted for the Escalade IQ in 2028
CruiseFormer robotaxi subsidiary; see Robotaxi FleetsRobotaxi program ended December 2024; team folded into GM
GM EnergyHome battery, bidirectional charging and V2H; see V2XOperating
ChargingNACS adoption and Supercharger access; EVgo and Pilot/Flying J sitesOperating

Partners

Suppliers and customers

GM partners
PartnerRoleRelationship
LG Energy SolutionUltium Cells joint venture; LMR cellsJoint venture partner
Samsung SDIIndiana cell joint ventureJoint venture partner
POSCO Future MCathode joint venture in QuebecJoint venture partner
Lithium AmericasThacker Pass lithiumInvestor and offtaker
MP MaterialsRare earth magnetsSupplier
NVIDIADRIVE AGX compute for driver assistance; factory AISupplier
Hyundai Motor GroupCo-developed vehicles, including an electric vanDevelopment partner
HondaPrologue built by GM on BEV3Customer
SAIC MotorSAIC-GM and SAIC-GM-Wuling joint ventures in ChinaJoint venture partner
TeslaSupercharger accessCharging partner

Sources

Sources and scope

Scope
General Motors
Sources
GM releases and 10-K (2025-2026); Cox Automotive US EV sales; LG Energy Solution, Samsung SDI and POSCO Future M releases; AustinIO
Updated
October 2026