Supply Chain Overview

The EV supply chain consists of the full upstream-to-downstream lifecycle of EV and electrification hardware—from critical elements extraction to gigafactory production and end-of-life recycling. Strategic choke points, reshoring opportunities, clean energy alignment, and national security implications are considered.

This section helps individuals, educators, and employers understand and prepare for the EV talent transformation through training, certifications, university programs, and direct job opportunities.

Why Supply Chains Matter

• EVs & electrification rely on secure access to dozens of materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt, rare earths, copper, and more.
• Global supply chains are fragile and often China-dominated, especially in refining, magnets, and battery precursors.
• Reshoring, regional diversification, and vertical integration are accelerating due to geopolitical pressures and policy incentives (IRA, BIL, etc.).
• Supply chains shape the feasibility, speed, and sustainability of the electrification transition.

Supply Chain Components

Batteries are the single most critical and value-dense component of the EV supply chain—representing up to 40% of a vehicle's cost and deeply intertwined with critical materials, energy storage strategy, and manufacturing scale.

• Critical Elements –
• Mining & Extraction –
• Refining & Processing –
• Batteries – .
• Motors & Magnets – .
• HV Electrical/Electronics – .
• ADAS/AV Tech – .
• Structured Materials – .
• Gigafactories – .
• Supplier Networks – .
• Trade/Geopolitics – .
• Risks & Analytics – .