Critical Elements & Minerals

The following are the critical elements, minerals, and metals used in the green energy industries, including for electric vehicles, solar power, wind power, hydrogen power, and battery storage. Such elements are refined to be at least 90% pure and may be further processed.

EV = used in electric vehicles, including batteries, electric motors, and battery storage
Solar = used to manufacture solar cells and panels
Wind = used to manufacture electric motors used in wind turbines
H₂ = used to manufacture hydrogen-based fuel cells
REE = rare earth elements
IRA = recognized and subsidized under the Inflation Reduction Act

Of the rare earth elements (REE), neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, gallium, yttrium, and terbium are considered the most critical.

In the U.S. REEs are mined and processed by MP Materials (Mountain Pass Mine, CA) and USA Rare Earths (Round Top, Texas), particularly neodymium and praseodymium that are critical in the magnets used in electric vehicle and wind turbine motors.