Finding
A DC fast charger is a box of commodity power modules, and makers now compete on how they share power across posts and how often the posts work
Inside most DC fast chargers sit stacks of 30-60 kW rectifier modules, many from Chinese suppliers such as Infypower, UUGreen and Tonhe, switched with silicon carbide devices from Infineon, Wolfspeed and onsemi. Tesla, ABB and a few others design their own. What separates brands is the cabinet: whether one power unit feeds one post or shares its output across several.
Split and satellite designs won the high-power market. Tesla's V4 cabinet feeds several posts at up to 500 kW for cars and 1.2 MW for the Semi; Alpitronic's HYC series, used by Ionna, and Kempower's satellite system send power to whichever vehicle can take it. That raises utilization of the expensive part, the power electronics, and lets a site add posts without adding grid capacity. China's makers, led by TELD, Star Charge, XCharge and Huawei Digital Power, build the same designs at larger scale, and Huawei and BYD now ship megawatt-class car chargers.
Reliability is the other contest. US NEVI rules require 97% average annual uptime per port and, from July 2024, Buy America content of 55% by component cost, which pushed ABB, Tritium (now owned by Exicom), Kempower, Alpitronic and BTC Power to assemble in the US. Several brands left the market: Engie wound down EVBox and Enel X Way closed its North American JuiceBox business in 2024. See Charging and Depot Supply Chain for where the components come from.
The directory below lists 55 charger and component makers, 11 of them Chinese, and 6 active makers with Megawatt Charging System hardware. ABB sold control of its AC unit, Chargedot, to China's Mentech in 2025 to concentrate on DC, and FreeWire closed in 2024; heavy-duty charging is consolidating around Kempower, Alpitronic, ABB, Siemens (with Heliox), Tesla and, in China, Huawei, TELD and BYD.
DC makers
DC fast and megawatt charger makers
Cabinet and post makers for public, depot and truck charging, with the power per post and whether they ship Megawatt Charging System hardware. Active makers first, then acquired, exited and closed ones. Charge point operators that run these chargers are listed under Charging Networks.
| Company | HQ | Products | Level 2 kW | DC kW | MCS | Assembly | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABB E-mobility | Switzerland | Terra AC wallbox; Terra 54, Terra 184 and Terra 360 DC; A-series all-in-one; MCS1200 | 22 | 360-400 | yes | Italy, US (Columbia, South Carolina), China | active: Sold 60% of Chargedot, its home and workplace AC unit, to Mentech (China) in 2025 to focus on DC high-power charging |
| ADS-TEC Energy | Germany | ChargeBox battery-buffered DC charger; ChargePost | 320 | Germany | active: Battery buffer lets a 320 kW charger run on a low-power grid connection | ||
| Alpitronic | Italy | Hypercharger HYC50, HYC200, HYC400; HYC1000 for cars and trucks | 400 (HYC400); 1,000 (HYC1000) | developing | Italy (Bolzano), US (Charlotte, North Carolina) | active | |
| Autel Energy | China | MaxiCharger AC; MaxiCharger DC Fast; DH480 split DC | 19.2 | 480 (DH480 split system) | China | active | |
| BTC Power | US | HPC high-power DC; L2 commercial chargers | 19.2 | 350 | US (California) | active | |
| BYD | China | Megawatt flash-charging cabinets for the Super e-Platform | 1,000 per connector | no | China | active: Announced March 2025 with plans for more than 4,000 stations in China; proprietary extension on the Chinese connector | |
| ChargePoint | US | Home Flex; CPF50 and CP6000 AC; Express Plus DC; Omni Port connector | 19.2 | 500 (Express Plus) | Contract manufacturers | active: Sells hardware plus network software; most ChargePoint stations are owned by hosts | |
| Delta Electronics | Taiwan | AC Max; DC Wallbox; UFC 500 ultra-fast | 22 | 500 (UFC 500) | Taiwan, China, Thailand | active | |
| Efacec | Portugal | QC45 and HV-series DC chargers | 7-22 | 350 | Portugal | active | |
| Ekoenergetyka | Poland | Axon Side and Axon Easy DC; depot and pantograph chargers for buses and trucks | developing | Poland | active | ||
| Hitachi Energy | Switzerland | Grid-eMotion depot and flash charging for buses and trucks | Europe | active | |||
| Huawei Digital Power | China | FusionCharge liquid-cooled ultra-fast chargers; megawatt chargers for heavy trucks | China | active | |||
| Kempower | Finland | Satellite system: shared power units feeding many posts; movable chargers; MCS satellite | 600 per power unit | yes | Finland (Lahti), US (Durham, North Carolina) | active | |
| NIO Power | China | Battery swap stations; liquid-cooled 640 kW chargers | 640 | China | active | ||
| Siemens eMobility (with Heliox) | Germany | VersiCharge AC; Sicharge D; Heliox depot, pantograph and megawatt chargers | 19.2 | yes | Netherlands (Best), Germany | active: Siemens bought Heliox (2022-24), merged it with its eMobility unit and in 2024 announced a carve-out as a separate company; ownership after the carve-out not re-verified | |
| SK Signet | South Korea | DC fast and ultra-fast chargers | 400 | South Korea, US (Plano, Texas) | active | ||
| Star Charge (Wanbang) | China | AC and DC charging piles; also runs the Star Charge network | 22 | China (Changzhou) | active | ||
| TELD New Energy (TGOOD) | China | DC charging cabinets and piles; liquid-cooled ultra-fast; V2G chargers | China (Qingdao) | active: TGOOD subsidiary; also one of the largest public charging operators in China | |||
| Tesla | US | Wall Connector, Universal Wall Connector; Supercharger V3 and V4 cabinet; Semi Megacharger | 11.5 | 500 (V4, cars); 1,200 (Semi) | yes | US (Buffalo, New York), China (Shanghai) | active: V4 cabinet feeds several posts; the same cabinet family powers the Semi Megacharger |
| XCharge | China | C6 and C7 DC chargers; NZS battery-integrated DC charger | China, Germany (Hamburg) | active: Listed on Nasdaq; European base in Hamburg | |||
| XPeng | China | S4 and S5 liquid-cooled superchargers for its own network | China | active | |||
| Zerova (Phihong) | Taiwan | DC fast chargers and AC chargers | 19.2 | Taiwan, US | active: EV charging business spun out of Phihong | ||
| Tritium (Exicom) | Australia | RTM75 and PKM150 DC chargers | 150 | acquired: Entered administration in 2024 and was bought by Exicom (India) the same year; the brand continues | |||
| EVBox (Engie) | Netherlands | Elvi AC and Troniq DC chargers | 22 | closed: Engie wound EVBox down in 2024-25 | |||
| FreeWire Technologies | US | Boost Charger battery-integrated DC charger | 200 | closed: Ceased operations in 2024 |
AC makers
Level 2 home and commercial charger makers
Wall units and pedestals for homes, workplaces, apartments and van depots. Active makers first, then acquired, exited and closed ones.
| Company | HQ | Products | Level 2 kW | Assembly | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ampure (formerly Webasto Charging Systems) | US | TurboDX home chargers; commercial AC and DC | 3.7-22 | US | active: Successor to the Webasto charging business and EVSolutions; ownership history not re-verified |
| Beam Global | US | EV ARC off-grid solar charging units | US (San Diego, California) | active | |
| Bosch | Germany | EV-series home chargers | 3.7-7.4 | active: Current US availability not re-verified | |
| Eaton (Green Motion) | Ireland | Green Motion AC chargers; DC with ChargePoint | 19.2 | Switzerland, US | active: Bought Green Motion (Switzerland) in 2021 |
| Emporia | US | Emporia Pro EV charger with energy monitoring | 11.5 | active | |
| Enphase (ClipperCreek) | US | IQ EV Charger; ClipperCreek HCS and LCS lines | 19.2 | US | active: Bought ClipperCreek in 2022 |
| EVSE LLC | US | Pedestal and wall-mount AC chargers for municipal and commercial sites | 3.3-19.2 | US | active |
| Grizzl-E (United Chargers) | Canada | Grizzl-E Classic, Smart and Ultimate | 7.2-19.2 | Canada | active |
| Lectron | US | Portable and wall AC chargers; NACS and CCS adapters | 3.3-9.6 | active | |
| Leviton | US | Evr-Green home and commercial AC | 9.6 | US | active |
| Pod Point | UK | Solo home chargers; commercial AC and DC | 7-22 | UK | active: EDF is the controlling shareholder |
| PowerCharge | US | Home and commercial AC chargers | 3.3-19.2 | active | |
| Wallbox | Spain | Pulsar Plus and Pulsar Pro AC; Quasar 2 bidirectional; Supernova DC | 7.4-22 (Europe); 11.5 (US) | Spain (Barcelona), US (Arlington, Texas) | active |
| Enel X Way (JuiceBox) | Italy | JuiceBox home chargers | 3.8-19.2 | exited: Closed its North American business in October 2024; JuiceBox app support ended |
Bidirectional and wireless
Bidirectional, wireless and mobile chargers
Chargers that send power back to a home or the grid (see Bidirectional Charging (V2X)), inductive pads and portable units.
| Company | Type | HQ | Products | Power kW | Customers | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dcbel | Bidirectional | Canada | Ara home energy station: bidirectional DC charger, solar and battery inverter | Volvo EX90, Polestar 3 and Nissan Leaf owners | active | |
| Electreon | Wireless | Israel | Dynamic in-road and static wireless charging | Cities and road agencies in Europe, the US and Israel | active | |
| EV Safe Charge | Mobile | US | ZiGGY mobile charging robot; portable chargers | Parking operators, events | active | |
| Fermata Energy | Bidirectional | US | FE-20 bidirectional DC charger and V2G software for fleets and buildings | 20 | Fleets, school districts, utilities | active |
| InductEV (formerly Momentum Dynamics) | Wireless | US | High-power wireless charging for buses, trucks and port tractors | Up to 300 (wireless) | Transit agencies, ports | active: Momentum Dynamics renamed InductEV in 2022 |
| Mobilize (Renault Group) | Bidirectional | France | Mobilize Powerbox; Powerbox Verso bidirectional AC | 7-22 | Renault 5 and other Renault owners | active |
| Nuvve | Bidirectional | US | V2G chargers and aggregation software for school buses and fleets | School districts, utilities | active | |
| Plugless (Evatran) | Wireless | US | Plugless wireless retrofit kits | 3.6-7.2 (wireless) | active: Company activity not confirmed since the early 2020s | |
| SparkCharge | Mobile | US | Roadie portable DC charger; charging-as-a-service | 75 (portable) | Fleets, roadside assistance | active |
| WiTricity | Wireless | US | Halo wireless charging (SAE J2954 reference design) | 11 (wireless) | Automakers, golf-cart and industrial-vehicle makers | active |
Inside the charger
Power modules and connectors inside other brands' chargers
The rectifier modules, MCS and CCS connectors and pantographs that many charger brands buy rather than build.
| Company | HQ | Products | MCS | Plants | Customers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infypower | China | DC power modules (rectifier modules) for charger makers | China | Charger makers in China, Europe and the US | |
| Phoenix Contact | Germany | CCS, NACS and MCS connectors; liquid-cooled charging cables | yes | Germany, China, US | Charger makers worldwide |
| Schunk | Germany | Pantographs and automated contact systems for buses and trucks | Germany | Bus and depot charger makers | |
| Staubli | Switzerland | MCS and CCS connectors; automated connection systems | yes | Switzerland, Germany | Truck, bus and mining charger makers |
| Tonhe Technology | China | DC power modules for charger makers | China | Charger makers | |
| UUGreen (Shenzhen UU Green Power) | China | DC power modules for charger makers | China | Charger makers worldwide |
Levels
Charging levels and the hardware each needs
Connector rules are covered in Connectors and Standards.
| Level | Power | Connector | Typical use | Charge time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 (AC) | 1.4-1.9 kW (120 V, 12-16 A) | J1772 or NACS (J3400) via outlet cord | Home top-up, long dwell | Adds 3-5 miles per hour |
| Level 2 (AC) | 3.3-19.2 kW (208-240 V, up to 80 A) | J1772 or NACS; Type 2 in Europe; GB/T in China | Home, workplace, apartments, van depots | Full charge overnight; car onboard chargers cap at 7.6-19.2 kW |
| DC fast | 50-150 kW | CCS1, NACS; CCS2 in Europe; GB/T in China; CHAdeMO legacy | Retail, older corridor sites, depot top-ups | 30-60 minutes to 80% |
| High-power DC | 150-500 kW per post | CCS1 and NACS; liquid-cooled cable above about 200 A continuous | Supercharger V4, Ionna, Electrify America, truck depots | 15-25 minutes to 80% on 800 V cars |
| Megawatt (MCS) | Up to 3.75 MW (SAE J3271); 750 kW-1.2 MW deployed | MCS connector, liquid-cooled | Class 8 trucks, mining, ports, ferries | Sized to fit a 30-minute driver break |
Site integration
Chargers as part of a site energy system
| Configuration | Components | Benefit | Typical sites |
|---|---|---|---|
| Charger + battery | DC chargers, battery storage, energy management | Caps the site's peak demand; opens sites on a smaller grid feed | Truck depots, retail hubs on weak feeders; ADS-TEC and FreeWire-style buffered units |
| Charger + solar + battery | Canopy or ground PV, storage, chargers, energy management | Daytime energy offset, lower demand charges, some resilience | Fleet energy depots, campuses, WattEV truck depots |
| Charger + microgrid | Solar, storage, generator, microgrid controller, chargers | Islands from the grid and keeps charging through outages | Emergency fleets, remote sites, resilient public hubs |
Sources
Sources and scope
- Scope
- EV Charging Equipment
- Sources
- ElectronsX charger hardware dataset; SAE J1772, J3400, J3271; FHWA NEVI rule (23 CFR 680) and Buy America guidance; company disclosures
- Updated
- October 2026