OEMs by Region

trade blocs · countries · tariffs

Plants now go where tariffs, content rules and subsidies allow, so the industry is best read by trade bloc. China builds most of the world's EVs and cells; every other region is localizing around that fact.

World regions arranged roughly as on a map, each with what it supplies. North America (US, Canada, Mexico): cells, vehicle assembly and AI compute. Europe (EU, UK and other European states): premium EVs and grid equipment. China, in red: most of the world's EVs and battery cells plus materials refining. Latin America: lithium and copper, BYD's Brazil plant and electric buses. Middle East and Africa: cobalt and copper, Gulf sovereign capital and Morocco's battery-materials cluster. Asia-Pacific: Korean and Japanese cells, India, ASEAN assembly and Indonesian nickel. A band across the bottom marks global groups with plants on several continents, such as Tesla, BYD, CATL, Hyundai and SK On. MANUFACTURING REGIONS AND WHAT EACH SUPPLIES North America US, Canada, Mexico cells, assembly, AI compute Europe EU, UK, other Europe premium EVs, grid gear China most EVs and cells materials, refining Latin America lithium, copper BYD Brazil, e-buses Middle East, Africa cobalt, copper Gulf capital, Morocco Asia-Pacific Korea, Japan cells India, ASEAN Globalmulti-continent plants: Tesla, BYD, CATL, Hyundai, SK On
Region pages
7
Country pages
6
EV cells made in China
~80%
Hub
OEMs

Finding

Plant location now follows trade rules more than labor cost: tariffs, local-content tests and subsidies have split the industry into blocs

The US charges a 100% Section 301 tariff on China-built EVs on top of a 25% Section 232 tariff on imported vehicles; the EU adds countervailing duties of 7.8% to 35.3% to its 10% car duty; Canada imposed a 100% surtax in 2024 and Mexico raised duties on Chinese cars toward 50% for 2026. Chinese groups answer by building inside the blocs: BYD in Hungary, Türkiye, Thailand and Brazil, CATL in Germany, Hungary, Spain and Indonesia.

Each region page covers the manufacturers active there, the plants that matter, and the policy that decides where the next plant goes. North America and Europe are summary pages: they describe how the bloc works and point to the country and sub-region pages, which hold the manufacturer tables. The global page covers groups that no single region describes.

Company profiles sit one level down: Tesla, BYD, CATL, Geely, Volkswagen, Hyundai, LG Energy Solution, SAIC. Each regional table links the profile of every company that has one.

Regions

Regional and country pages

North America and Europe summarize their blocs; the country and sub-region pages below them hold the manufacturer lists.

Electrification manufacturers by region
RegionPage levelPolicy anchorsWhat the region buildsAnchor manufacturers
North AmericaBloc summaryUSMCA, Section 232 and 301 tariffs, 45X creditCells, EV assembly, storage, AI computeGM, Ford, Rivian, Lucid
  United StatesCountry45X credit, tariffs, connected-vehicle ruleGigafactories, Southeast battery belt, Texas clusterPanasonic, SK On, Toyota, Hyundai Metaplant
  CanadaCountryInvestment tax credits, Strategic Innovation FundNickel, cobalt, cathode, cells, busesNextStar Energy, PowerCo, Vale, NFI
  MexicoCountryUSMCA rules of origin, tariffs on Asian importsEV assembly and parts for US buyersStellantis, BMW, JAC
EuropeBloc summaryCO2 fleet targets, ZEV mandate, EEA and customs-union linksPremium EVs, cells, grid equipmentTogg, Ford Otosan, ABB, Stadler
  European UnionSub-regionBattery Regulation, CRMA, countervailing dutiesEV plants, Korean and Chinese cell plantsMercedes-Benz, Renault, ACC
  United KingdomSub-regionZEV mandate, DRIVE35, TCA rules of originNissan Sunderland, JLR, AgratasNissan, AESC, JLR, Wrightbus
ChinaCountryNEV purchase-tax policy, export controlsEVs, cells, cathode, anode, magnets, BESSNIO, XPeng, Chery, Leapmotor
Asia-PacificRegionRCEP, India PLI, Indonesia nickel policyKorean and Japanese cells, ASEAN assemblySamsung SDI, Toyota, Tata, VinFast
Latin AmericaRegionBrazil Mover, lithium regimesLithium, copper, nickel, busesSQM, Albemarle, Vale, WEG
Middle East and AfricaRegionVision 2030, DRC cobalt quotasCobalt, copper, hydrogen, Gulf-funded EVsLucid, Ceer, CMOC, Gotion Morocco
GlobalCross-regionTariff hedging by building locallyMulti-continent vehicle and cell networksSiemens, ABB, Hitachi Energy, NVIDIA

Trade blocs

How the blocs treat Chinese-built EVs

The tariff wall decides whether a Chinese manufacturer exports or builds locally.

Import treatment of China-built EVs
MarketTreatmentChinese response
United States100% Section 301 tariff plus 25% Section 232; Chinese connected-vehicle software barred from model year 2027Almost no sales; BYD builds buses in Lancaster, California
Canada100% surtax from 2024, with a quota at a lower rate agreed in 2026Imports within the quota
MexicoDuties on cars from non-treaty countries raised toward 50% for 2026BYD shelved its Mexican plant; JAC assembles locally
European Union10% duty plus countervailing duties of 7.8% (Tesla Shanghai) to 35.3%BYD Szeged and Manisa, CATL Debrecen and Zaragoza, Chery Barcelona, Leapmotor via Stellantis
United Kingdom10% duty; no EV-specific tariffChinese brands gained share fastest here
BrazilEV import tax stepping up to 35% by mid-2026BYD Camaçari plant in Bahia
Southeast AsiaLow tariffs under the ASEAN-China agreement; local-build incentivesBYD, GWM, Changan, GAC Aion plants in Thailand; Geely backs Proton in Malaysia

Sources

Sources and scope

Scope
OEMs by Region
Sources
USTR Section 301 notices; EU Implementing Regulation 2024/2754; Government of Canada; company disclosures
Updated
October 2026