Finding
Geely Holding is China's second-largest EV group after BYD, and the only one that owns a Western premium carmaker outright
Geely Auto sold 3.02 million vehicles in 2025, 1.69 million of them new energy vehicles, and targets 3.45 million in 2026 with 2.22 million NEVs. Across the whole holding, including Volvo Cars, Polestar, Lotus and smart, sales reached 4.11 million.
The core asset is the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA), shared by Zeekr, Lynk & Co, smart, the Volvo EX30, the Polestar 4 and, as EPA, the Lotus Eletre and Emeya. Geely Auto took Zeekr private in December 2025 after placing Lynk & Co under Zeekr, so the brands that share SEA now report into one company. Volvo Cars, about 78% owned by Geely Holding and listed in Stockholm, keeps its own SPA2 platform for the EX90 and ES90 and builds in Belgium, Sweden, the US and China. See Geely EV Platforms.
The structure gives Geely two routes around trade barriers. Volvo's Ghent plant builds the EX30 in Europe, Polestar 4 for North America is assembled at Renault Korea in Busan, and Proton in Malaysia assembles the Geely Galaxy E5 as the e.MAS 7. The EU countervailing duty on China-built battery-electric cars is 18.8% for Geely, below SAIC's 35.3% and above BYD's 17.0%. Volvo and Polestar remain the weak points: Volvo's battery-electric share is far short of its earlier all-electric target, and Polestar depends on Geely funding.
Plants
Plants and factories
Battery-electric production only; most Geely plants also build plug-in hybrids and combustion cars. See the EV gigafactory directory for sizes.
| Plant | Location | Products | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zeekr Intelligent Factory | Ningbo (Hangzhou Bay), Zhejiang, China | Zeekr 001, 007, 7X, 009; Waymo robotaxi vehicle | Producing |
| Geely Hangzhou Bay and other Geely Auto plants | Ningbo, Changxing, Jinan, Xi'an and others, China | Geely Galaxy E5, E8, Geely EX2 | Producing |
| Lynk & Co plants | Ningbo and Yuyao, Zhejiang, China | Lynk & Co 02, Z10, Z20 | Producing |
| smart Xi'an | Xi'an, Shaanxi, China | smart #1, #3, #5 | Producing |
| Lotus Wuhan | Wuhan, Hubei, China | Lotus Eletre, Emeya | Producing |
| Volvo Ghent | Ghent, Belgium | Volvo EX30, EX40, EC40 | Producing; EX30 moved here from China in 2025 |
| Volvo Ridgeville | Ridgeville, South Carolina, US | Volvo EX90, Polestar 3 | Producing |
| Volvo Chengdu and Daqing | Sichuan and Heilongjiang, China | Volvo ES90, EX90; Polestar 3 for China | Producing |
| Volvo Kosice | Kosice, Slovakia | Next-generation Volvo EVs | Under construction |
| Renault Korea Busan | Busan, South Korea | Polestar 4 (contract assembly) | Producing |
| Proton Tanjung Malim | Perak, Malaysia | Proton e.MAS 7 (Geely Galaxy E5) | Producing |
Battery
Battery cells and lines
Geely makes its own LFP cells and packs for the Geely and Zeekr brands and buys NMC cells from CATL for premium models. See battery cell gigafactories, EV battery chemistries and CATL battery platforms.
| Source | Type | Chemistry and format | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aegis short-blade battery | In-house cells and packs | LFP, short blade prismatic, cell-to-pack | Geely Galaxy E5, E8, Geely EX2 |
| Golden Brick battery | Zeekr in-house pack | LFP, prismatic, cell-to-pack, fast-charge | Zeekr 007, 7X, 001 |
| Viridi E-Mobility (Weirui) | Geely-Sunwoda joint venture | LFP and NMC cells for Geely brands | Geely Auto, Zeekr |
| CATL | Supplier | NMC (Qilin), LFP | Zeekr 001 and 009, Volvo EX90 and EX30, Polestar, Lotus, smart |
| Novo Energy | Volvo cell venture, formerly with Northvolt | Planned cell plant in Gothenburg, Sweden | Paused after the Northvolt bankruptcy |
Platforms
Vehicle platforms
Six battery-electric platforms run across the group: SEA and its variants for most China-built EVs; GEA for low-cost Geely brand models; SPA2 for Volvo's large cars and the Polestar 3; CMA, shared by Geely and Volvo, for the EX40 and Polestar 2; PMA, Polestar's bonded-aluminum platform for the Polestar 5; and Lotus's EPA. SEA comes in 400 V and 800 V versions and carries central computing on Zeekr models. Full comparison: Geely EV Platforms.
EV models
EV models
Battery-electric models only; plug-in hybrids and range-extended versions are excluded.
| Model | Segment | Platform |
|---|---|---|
| Zeekr 001 | Shooting brake | SEA |
| Zeekr 007 | Midsize sedan | SEA |
| Zeekr 7X | Midsize SUV | SEA |
| Zeekr 009 | MPV | SEA-M |
| Geely Galaxy E5 (EX5) | Compact SUV | GEA |
| Geely EX2 (Xingyuan) | Small hatchback | GEA |
| Lynk & Co Z10 | Midsize sedan | SEA |
| smart #1, #3, #5 | Compact and midsize SUVs | SEA |
| Volvo EX30 | Small SUV | SEA |
| Volvo EX40, EC40 | Compact SUV | CMA |
| Volvo EX90, ES90 | Large SUV, large sedan | SPA2 |
| Polestar 2 | Midsize sedan | CMA |
| Polestar 3, 4 | Midsize SUVs | SPA2, SEA |
| Polestar 5 | Grand tourer | PMA |
| Lotus Eletre, Emeya | Large SUV, grand tourer | EPA |
| Model list will be fed from the EV models dataset | ||
Beyond cars
Robots, autonomy and energy
Programs outside passenger cars and their status. See robotaxi fleets and humanoid robots.
| Program | Area | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Waymo robotaxi vehicle | Robotaxi | Zeekr-built purpose vehicle, upfitted by Waymo in Arizona with the Waymo Driver |
| G-Pilot (Qianli Haohan) | Driver assistance | Geely group ADAS stack; highway and urban navigation assist across brands |
| Zeekr urban NZP | Driver assistance | Zeekr in-house stack on NVIDIA DRIVE Orin and Thor |
| UBTech Walker S | Humanoid robots | Trials on Zeekr's Ningbo assembly lines |
| Zeekr Power | Charging | Zeekr's own ultra-fast charging network in China |
| Geespace | Satellites | Low-orbit constellation for vehicle connectivity and positioning |
Partners
Suppliers and customers
Main external relationships.
| Partner | Role | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| CATL | Cell supplier | NMC and LFP cells for Zeekr, Volvo, Polestar and Lotus |
| Sunwoda | Cell partner | Viridi E-Mobility joint venture |
| Mercedes-Benz | Joint venture partner | smart, a 50-50 joint venture |
| Waymo | Customer | Robotaxi vehicles built by Zeekr |
| NVIDIA | Compute supplier | DRIVE Orin and Thor for Volvo, Polestar and Zeekr |
| Renault Group | Manufacturing partner | Polestar 4 assembly at Renault Korea; Geely stake in Renault do Brasil |
| Proton (DRB-HICOM) | Affiliate | Geely holds 49.9%; e.MAS EVs based on Geely models |
| ECARX and SiEngine | Chip and computer affiliates | Cockpit computers and automotive chips |
Sources
Sources and scope
- Scope
- Geely Holding
- Sources
- Geely Auto annual results and sales releases (2025-2026); Geely Holding; Volvo Cars, Polestar and Lotus Technology reports; European Commission duty decision (October 2024)
- Updated
- October 2026