Software-Defined Systems

control plane · data plane · domains

A charger, a robot and a car can share one architecture. Behavior moves from wiring and firmware into updatable software.

One architecture, five domains: a control plane for real-time commands and safety and a data plane for telemetry, logs and training data, applied to software-defined vehicles, robotics, infrastructure, energy and industrial operations. ONE ARCHITECTURE, FIVE DOMAINS Control plane real-time commands, safety Data plane telemetry, logs, training data SDV SDR SDI SDE SDIO vehicles, robotics, infrastructure, energy, industrial operations
Domains
5
Planes
Control, data
Update path
OTA
Feedback
Telemetry to AI
Hub
Systems

Finding

Software-defined means behavior can change after deployment, which requires separating real-time control from data and abstracting hardware

A software-defined system is a physical asset whose behavior is set by software that can be changed after it ships: a vehicle that gains features, a charger that changes its power-sharing rules, a battery that learns a new market strategy. That requires three things: a hardware abstraction layer so software is not tied to one chip, a control plane that keeps safety-critical timing separate from everything else, and a data plane that streams telemetry back for analysis and training.

ElectronsX applies the same framework to five domains: software-defined vehicles (SDV), robotics (SDR), infrastructure such as depots and charging sites (SDI), energy systems (SDE) and industrial operations (SDIO). The pages below cover each building block once - central compute, zonal architecture, networking, sensors, telemetry, OTA, the learning loop and security.

Domains

SDS domains

SDS domains
DomainAssetsPage
Vehicles (SDV)Cars, trucks, robotaxisSoftware-Defined Vehicles
Robotics (SDR)Arms, AMRs, humanoidsSoftware-Defined Robotics
Infrastructure (SDI)Depots, charging sites, yardsSoftware-Defined Infrastructure
Energy (SDE)BESS, microgrids, DERSoftware-Defined Energy
Industrial operations (SDIO)Factories, process plantsSoftware-Defined Industrial Operations

Building blocks

Building blocks

SDS building blocks
BlockRole
Hardware abstractionDecouples software from specific chips and devices
Control planeDeterministic real-time control and safety
Data planeTelemetry, logs, video for analysis and training
OTASigned, staged updates with rollback
Identity and securityDevice keys, secure boot, access control

Sources

Sources and scope

Scope
Software-Defined Systems
Sources
ElectronsX framework
Updated
October 2026