Finding
Most new GM and Tesla vehicles can power a house; very few owners are paid to power the grid
Bidirectional hardware now spans the GM Ultium lineup, the Cybertruck and, from late 2026 builds, the Model 3 and Model Y with a Powerwall 3. What limits vehicle-to-grid is the program, not the car: a utility has to accept the export, approve the charger and pay for it.
Texas has one of the first paid programs. Tesla's Powershare Grid Support launched in February 2026 for Cybertruck owners in the CenterPoint (Houston) and Oncor (Dallas) service areas, and California's PG&E approved the Cybertruck setup for its V2X program in April 2026 - the first AC V2G approval in that state. Elsewhere V2G is still pilots, mostly with school buses and fleets whose vehicles sit parked at predictable hours. In Europe, Renault's Mobilize sells V2G for the Renault 5 in France; in China, regulators named national V2G pilot cities in 2025, with BYD, NIO and TELD hardware.
The market is consolidating around automaker ecosystems. GM Energy and Tesla sell their own gateways and chargers, Ford discontinued the Charge Station Pro and the F-150 Lightning, and the cross-brand path runs through ISO 15118-20 chargers such as the Wallbox Quasar 2 and dcbel Ara. Hyundai, Kia, Rivian and Lucid ship vehicle-to-load outlets today with vehicle-to-home announced or pending. Bidirectional charger makers are listed in EV Charging Equipment.
Models
Bidirectional EVs and what they need
Battery-electric vehicles only. Vehicle-to-load figures are outlet power; vehicle-to-home needs the hardware listed. US data from automaker and utility program disclosures as of October 2026.
| Vehicle | Maker | V2L | V2H hardware | V2G programs | Market |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chevrolet Silverado EV | GM | 10.2 kW | GM Energy V2H Bundle | - | US |
| GMC Sierra EV | GM | 10.2 kW (Energy Transfer Pro option) | GM Energy V2H Bundle | - | US |
| Chevrolet Equinox EV, Blazer EV; 2027 Bolt | GM | - | GM Energy V2H Bundle | - | US |
| Cadillac Lyriq, Optiq, Vistiq, Escalade IQ, Celestiq | GM | Power Bar accessory | GM Energy V2H Bundle (Escalade IQL: V2H Enablement Kit and PowerShift Charger) | - | US |
| GMC Hummer EV | GM | Power Bar accessory | GM Energy V2H Bundle | - | US |
| Tesla Cybertruck | Tesla | 9.6 kW | Powershare Gateway with Universal Wall Connector, or Powerwall 3 | Texas (Powershare Grid Support); California (PG&E V2X) | US |
| Tesla Model 3 and Model Y | Tesla | 2.4 kW (outlet adapter) | Powerwall 3 with Wall Connector; build-date gated (late 2026 builds) | - | US |
| Kia EV9 | Kia | about 1.9 kW | Wallbox Quasar 2 | California (PG&E V2X); Connecticut and Massachusetts pilots | US |
| Volvo EX90 (2025 model year) | Volvo | - | dcbel Ara | California (PG&E V2X); Massachusetts pilot | US |
| Polestar 3 (400 V versions) | Polestar (Geely) | - | dcbel Ara | California (PG&E V2X); Massachusetts pilot | US |
| Nissan Leaf (CHAdeMO, to 2025) | Nissan | - | dcbel Ara (CHAdeMO); Wallbox Quasar 1 (earlier) | California (PG&E V2X); UK and Japan programs | US, UK, Japan |
| Ford F-150 Lightning (2022-2025) | Ford | 9.6 kW | Charge Station Pro with Sunrun home integration (discontinued) | California (PG&E V2X); Massachusetts pilot | US; discontinued |
| Hyundai Ioniq 9 | Hyundai | 1.9 kW | V2H confirmed, not yet active | - | US |
| Rivian R1T, R1S | Rivian | 1.5 kW | 24 kW bidirectional charger announced, not shipping | - | US |
| Renault 5 E-Tech | Renault | 3.7 kW | Mobilize Powerbox Verso (AC bidirectional) | France (Mobilize V2G offer); other European markets following | Europe |
| Volkswagen ID. models (77 kWh and up) | Volkswagen | - | Approved DC bidirectional wallboxes (Germany) | V2H in Germany; V2G pilots | Europe |
| BYD range | BYD | V2L standard on most models | - | National V2G pilot cities (2025) | China |
| NIO ES and ET models | NIO | V2L | NIO V2G chargers | Grid pilots in Shanghai and other cities | China |
Chargers
Bidirectional chargers and gateways
Most home systems are sold for one automaker's vehicles; the cross-brand path runs through ISO 15118-20 chargers.
| Hardware | Maker | Works with | Power and type | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM Energy V2H Bundle | GM Energy | GM Ultium EVs | PowerShift Charger (19.2 kW AC) plus V2H Enablement Kit; PowerBank battery optional | active |
| Powershare Gateway and Universal Wall Connector | Tesla | Cybertruck | Whole-home backup up to 11.5 kW | active |
| Powerwall 3 with Wall Connector | Tesla | Cybertruck; Model 3 and Model Y (late 2026 builds) | Vehicle discharges through the Powerwall's inverter | active |
| Quasar 2 | Wallbox | Kia EV9 (CCS1) | DC bidirectional; ISO 15118-20 | active |
| Ara | dcbel | Volvo EX90, Polestar 3, Nissan Leaf | DC bidirectional with solar and battery inputs | active |
| Charge Station Pro | Ford | F-150 Lightning | 19.2 kW AC; bidirectional with Sunrun home integration | discontinued 2026 |
| FE-20 | Fermata Energy | Fleet and building V2G | 20 kW DC bidirectional | active |
| School-bus V2G chargers | Nuvve | Electric school buses and fleets | DC bidirectional plus aggregation software | active |
| Powerbox Verso | Mobilize (Renault Group) | Renault 5 and later Renault models | AC bidirectional (vehicle has the bidirectional onboard charger) | active |
| V2G chargers | TELD | Chinese pilot sites | DC bidirectional in national V2G pilots | pilot |
Programs
Programs that pay for vehicle-to-grid
A utility has to accept the export, approve the equipment and pay for it.
| Program | Where | Started | How it works |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tesla Powershare Grid Support | Texas (CenterPoint and Oncor areas) | February 2026 | Cybertruck owners paid for exporting during grid events |
| PG&E V2X program | California | Cybertruck approved April 2026 | Covers F-150 Lightning, Kia EV9, Volvo EX90, Polestar 3, Nissan Leaf and Cybertruck; first AC V2G approval in California |
| Massachusetts V2X pilot | Massachusetts | Running | Utility-backed pilot with several vehicle and charger pairs |
| School-bus V2G | Several US states | Running | Buses parked at predictable hours export in summer peaks |
| Mobilize V2G | France | Running | Renault 5 owners credited for grid exports through the Powerbox Verso |
| National V2G pilots | China | Announced 2025 | National Development and Reform Commission and National Energy Administration pilot cities and projects |
Modes
Four kinds of bidirectional power
| Mode | Name | What it does | What it needs |
|---|---|---|---|
| V2L | Vehicle-to-load | Outlets on the vehicle power tools and appliances | No home equipment |
| V2H | Vehicle-to-home | Vehicle backs up the house through a transfer switch or gateway | Bidirectional charger or gateway; typically a few thousand dollars installed |
| V2G | Vehicle-to-grid | Vehicle exports to the grid for pay | Utility program, interconnection approval and certified equipment |
| V2B / V2X | Vehicle-to-building, everything | Fleets backing up depots and buildings | ISO 15118-20 chargers and depot energy management |
Sources
Sources and scope
- Scope
- Bidirectional Charging (V2X)
- Sources
- Automaker and utility disclosures; bidirectional EV reference (thechargeport.com, August-October 2026); Tesla Powershare Grid Support; PG&E V2X program; ISO 15118-20
- Updated
- October 2026