Robotruck Fleets

Finding

Driverless trucking is commercial in Texas, and its economics point toward 20-hour days that today's electric tractors cannot support

Aurora began driverless freight between Dallas and Houston in May 2025 and says it is fully allocated to run 200 driverless trucks by the end of 2026, on Volvo VNL, PACCAR and International LT tractors. Kodiak's trucks for Atlas Energy Solutions haul frac sand in the Permian Basin, 35 of them driverless at the end of June 2026. All of these are diesel.

The reason is duty cycle. A driverless truck pays back by running most of the day: 20 hours at 55 mph is 1,100 miles, which at about 1.7 kWh per mile is roughly 1.9 MWh a day (ElectronsX estimate). That is more than twice the pack of a Tesla Semi, so an electric robotruck needs megawatt charging at both ends of every run, plus depot service sized to match. Until charging corridors exist, autonomy and electrification meet first where routes are short and the site is closed.

Those places already exist. China's automated container terminals at Tianjin and Ningbo-Zhoushan run battery-electric driverless trucks from Westwell, Trunk Tech and others between quay and yard; Fernride runs teleoperated electric terminal tractors at HHLA in Hamburg; Outrider automates electric yard trucks at US distribution centers; and Einride runs cabless electric pods on short private and public routes in Sweden and the US. On the highway, Chinese operators Pony.ai, Inceptio and Kargobot run hub-to-hub freight, mostly with a safety driver. In Texas, see AustinIO's tracker of autonomous freight deployments.

Operators

Leading robotruck operators

Powertrain is labeled because most highway robotrucks are diesel. Status is an ElectronsX summary.

Segments

Robotruck segments by readiness

Platooning has largely faded since Peloton Technology wound down in 2021.

Truck list

Driverless and autonomy-ready electric trucks in the ElectronsX dataset

Battery-electric trucks from the commercial vehicle dataset that run driverless (Level 4) or ship drive-by-wire for an autonomy kit. Most are terminal and yard tractors; the diesel highway robotrucks above are not in the electric dataset. The list holds 14 trucks, 8 of them already driverless in ports, yards or on short routes.

Stack

Robotruck hardware and software stack

Related

Related coverage

• Autonomous Fleets
• Freight and Logistics Fleets
• Megawatt Charging
• Electric Semi Directory
• Robovan Fleets
• Autonomous Seaports
• Autonomous Fleet Depots
• Security and Teleoperations
• Commercial EVs
• Terminal Tractors