Autonomy Core 15
A reference set of autonomous vehicle platforms across passenger, fleet, and freight. The autonomy Core 15 is a curated comparison set used to illustrate how autonomous platforms are evaluated across different duty cycles.
Note: Inclusion does not imply universal Level-4 or Level-5 operation.
Autonomy Core 15 List
This list is platform-centric and intentionally separates autonomy capability from business model.
| Platform | Category | Primary Role | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tesla Cybercab | Purpose-built robotaxi | Passenger autonomy-first | Pure autonomy-native architecture with no human-driver legacy. |
| Zoox | Purpose-built robotaxi | Bidirectional passenger service | Pure autonomy-native architecture with no human-driver legacy. |
| Baidu Apollo RT6 | Purpose-built robotaxi | Urban fleet deployment | Cost-optimized robotaxi designed explicitly for scale. |
| Ji Yue Robo X | Purpose-built robotaxi | Urban fleet deployment | Cost-optimized robotaxi designed explicitly for scale. |
| BYD D1 | Ride-hailing robotaxi | Passenger fleet operations | Designed around passenger flow and service durability. |
| Zeekr RT (China) | Robotaxi host platform | Urban fleet deployment | |
| Zeekr RT (US) | Robotaxi host platform | Waymo passenger service | Represents Waymo’s next-generation OEM platform. |
| Hyundai Ioniq 5 | Passenger AV platform | Autonomy testbed | Modern E/E architecture with extensive AV pilots. |
| Jaguar I-Pace | Passenger AV platform | Waymo Legacy robotaxi host | Historical baseline for robotaxi evolution. |
| VW ID.Buzz AD | Autonomous van | Passenger + cargo fleets | OEM signal for autonomous fleet vans. |
| Geely Farizon SuperVAN GXR | Autonomous logistics van | Commercial fleets | Industrial-first platform aligned with depot operations. |
| Tesla Semi | Autonomous freight | Long-haul trucking | Autonomy builds on efficiency to improve fleet utilization. |
| Freightliner Cascadia | Autonomous freight | Level-4 long haul | Most credible U.S. freight autonomy program. |
| Volvo VNL Autonomous | Autonomous freight | Industrial autonomy | OEM-led, safety-first autonomy deployment. |
