Yellowstone Second Life

Toyota · Yellowstone, USA · Repurposed packs

Second-life battery facility operated by Toyota in Yellowstone, USA. Status: operational.

Yellowstone Second Life: recycling plant illustration with pack, shredder, black mass, leach tanks and salt bags; Repurposed packs, status operational, USA Repurposed packs Operational USA
Capacity
500 t/yr
Process
Refurbishment
Output
Repurposed packs
Hub
Supply Chain

Status

Operational: status carried from the legacy record

Process: refurbishment. Capacity: 500 t/yr (Legacy figure; not re-verified).

Toyota second-life demonstration in Yellowstone National Park; Prius NiMH and bZ4X NMC packs; off-grid BESS for park infrastructure; PR-forward but technically sound model.

Customers and offtakers: National Park Service.

Plant record

Plant record

Yellowstone Second Life (Toyota)
CompanyToyota
PlantYellowstone Second Life
CityYellowstone
State or provinceWyoming
CountryUSA
TypeSecond life
Processrefurbishment
Output stagerepurposed packs
Input chemistriesNiMH, NMC (Prius / bZ4X)
Output productsRefurbished BESS (national park off-grid)
Capacity (t/yr input)500
Capacity basisLegacy figure; not re-verified
Statusoperational
Status noteStatus carried from the legacy record; not re-verified
Scalecommercial
Start year2019
Investment (US$ billion)0.0
Customers and offtakersNational Park Service
OEM partnershipsToyota (captive)
Under EU Battery RegulationN/A
Geopolitical exposureLOW
Record updated2026-10

In context

Where it fits

Listed in EV Battery Recycling Facilities. Recyclers are compared on where they stop: shredding to black mass, smelting to alloy, or refining to battery-grade salts that go back into cathode plants; only refining keeps the metal in the region. See Battery Recycling for the process and the market.

Other plants of Toyota and other plants in USA
PlantCountryStatus
Fernley Nevada Plant (ABTC)USAoperational
Covington Georgia Spoke (Ascend Elements)USAoperational
Worcester Pilot (Ascend Elements (formerly Battery Resourcers))USAoperational
Lancaster California (B2U Storage Solutions)USAoperational
Lancaster and US Plants (Cirba Solutions)USAoperational
Bend Oregon Direct+Second Life (OnTo Technology)USAoperational
NJ Direct Recycling Pilot (Princeton NuEnergy)USAoperational
McCarran Nevada Campus (Redwood Materials)USAoperational
South Carolina Campus (Redwood Materials)USAoperational
OKC Refurbishment Campus (Spiers New Technologies)USAoperational

Sources

Sources and scope

Scope
Yellowstone Second Life (Toyota)
Sources
ElectronsX recycling dataset; company disclosures
Updated
2026-10